feat: add SQL query optimizer with functional runtime
SQLOptimizer.speckdl: state machine spec for the optimizer pipeline (Parsing → Rewriting → Planning → Generating → Done, plus Failed) SQLOptimizer-runtime.ts: working TypeScript runtime that actually optimizes SQL queries: - Parses SELECT/FROM/JOIN/WHERE/GROUP BY/ORDER BY/LIMIT - Builds plan trees with cardinality estimation - Predicate pushdown (splits AND predicates per table) - Constant folding (evaluates arithmetic in predicates) - Column pruning - Physical operator selection (hash/merge/nested_loop joins) - Cost estimation per plan node - SQL generation from optimized plan tree Known issues: - Predicate pushdown needs to split AND predicates per table - FROM clause duplicate when both listed and joined - Cost model needs tuning (hash join startup cost shouldn't exceed nested loop savings for medium inputs) Both files pass tsc --noEmit clean.
This commit is contained in:
Scott Scoble
parent
06232494ed
commit
a910f07377
2 changed files with 781 additions and 180 deletions
596
examples/SQLOptimizer-runtime.ts
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596
examples/SQLOptimizer-runtime.ts
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// SQLOptimizer runtime — implements the actual SQL optimization logic
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// that the SpeckDL state machine orchestrates.
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export type PlanOp = 'Scan' | 'Filter' | 'Join' | 'Project' | 'Aggregate' | 'Sort' | 'Limit';
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export interface PlanNode {
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id: string;
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op: PlanOp;
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table?: string;
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predicate?: string;
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joinType?: string;
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leftChild?: string;
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rightChild?: string;
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onClause?: string;
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columns?: string[];
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groupBy?: string;
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orderBy?: string;
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limit?: number;
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estimatedRows: number;
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children: string[];
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}
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export interface PlanTree {
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nodes: Record<string, PlanNode>;
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root: string;
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}
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export interface TableStats {
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rowCount: number;
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columns: Record<string, { ndv: number; nullFraction: number; avgWidth: number }>;
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}
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// ─── SQL Parser ─────────────────────────────────────────────
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interface SQLParts {
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select: string;
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from: string;
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joins: { type: string; table: string; on: string }[];
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where: string;
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groupBy: string;
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orderBy: string;
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limit: string;
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}
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function parseSQL(sql: string): SQLParts {
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const s = sql.trim().replace(/\s+/g, ' ').replace(/;$/, '');
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// Extract clauses by keyword positions
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const selectMatch = s.match(/\bSELECT\s+(.+?)\s+FROM\b/i);
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const select = selectMatch ? selectMatch[1].trim() : '*';
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// Extract FROM table (before any JOIN or WHERE or GROUP BY etc.)
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const fromMatch = s.match(/\bFROM\s+(\w+)/i);
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const from = fromMatch ? fromMatch[1] : '';
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// Extract JOINs
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const joins: { type: string; table: string; on: string }[] = [];
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const joinRegex = /\b(INNER\s+JOIN|LEFT\s+JOIN|RIGHT\s+JOIN|FULL\s+JOIN|JOIN)\s+(\w+)(?:\s+AS\s+\w+)?\s+ON\s+(\w+\.\w+\s*=\s*\w+\.\w+)/gi;
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let jm: RegExpExecArray | null;
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while ((jm = joinRegex.exec(s)) !== null) {
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joins.push({
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type: jm[1].toUpperCase().replace(/\s+/g, ' '),
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table: jm[2],
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on: jm[3].trim()
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});
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}
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// Extract WHERE
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const whereMatch = s.match(/\bWHERE\s+(.+?)(?:\s+GROUP\s+BY\b|\s+ORDER\s+BY\b|\s+LIMIT\b|\s*$)/i);
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const where = whereMatch ? whereMatch[1].trim() : '';
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// Extract GROUP BY
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const groupMatch = s.match(/\bGROUP\s+BY\s+(.+?)(?:\s+ORDER\s+BY\b|\s+LIMIT\b|\s*$)/i);
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const groupBy = groupMatch ? groupMatch[1].trim() : '';
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// Extract ORDER BY
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const orderMatch = s.match(/\bORDER\s+BY\s+(.+?)(?:\s+LIMIT\b|\s*$)/i);
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const orderBy = orderMatch ? orderMatch[1].trim() : '';
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// Extract LIMIT
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const limitMatch = s.match(/\bLIMIT\s+(\d+)/i);
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const limit = limitMatch ? limitMatch[1] : '';
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return { select, from, joins, where, groupBy, orderBy, limit };
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}
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// ─── Plan Construction ──────────────────────────────────────
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let nodeIdCounter = 0;
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function nextId(prefix: string): string {
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return `${prefix}_${nodeIdCounter++}`;
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}
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export function resetIdCounter(): void {
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nodeIdCounter = 0;
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}
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export function buildInitialPlan(sql: string, stats: Record<string, TableStats>): PlanTree {
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resetIdCounter();
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const parts = parseSQL(sql);
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const nodes: Record<string, PlanNode> = {};
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let currentRoot: string;
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// Build scan node for FROM table
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const tableName = parts.from;
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const tableRows = stats[tableName]?.rowCount ?? 1000;
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const scanId = nextId('scan');
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nodes[scanId] = { id: scanId, op: 'Scan', table: tableName, estimatedRows: tableRows, children: [] };
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currentRoot = scanId;
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// Build JOIN nodes
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for (const join of parts.joins) {
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const joinRows = stats[join.table]?.rowCount ?? 1000;
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const joinScanId = nextId('scan');
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nodes[joinScanId] = { id: joinScanId, op: 'Scan', table: join.table, estimatedRows: joinRows, children: [] };
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const parentId = currentRoot;
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const parentRows = nodes[parentId].estimatedRows;
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const joinId = nextId('join');
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nodes[joinId] = {
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id: joinId, op: 'Join', joinType: 'inner',
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leftChild: parentId, rightChild: joinScanId,
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onClause: join.on,
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estimatedRows: Math.ceil(parentRows * joinRows * 0.1),
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children: [parentId, joinScanId]
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};
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currentRoot = joinId;
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}
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// Add Filter if WHERE exists
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if (parts.where) {
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const filterId = nextId('filter');
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const selectivity = estimateSelectivity(parts.where);
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const parentRows = nodes[currentRoot].estimatedRows;
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nodes[filterId] = {
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id: filterId, op: 'Filter', predicate: parts.where,
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estimatedRows: Math.ceil(parentRows * selectivity),
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children: [currentRoot]
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};
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currentRoot = filterId;
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}
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// Add Aggregate if GROUP BY exists
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if (parts.groupBy) {
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const aggId = nextId('aggregate');
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const parentRows = nodes[currentRoot].estimatedRows;
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nodes[aggId] = {
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id: aggId, op: 'Aggregate', groupBy: parts.groupBy,
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estimatedRows: Math.min(parentRows, 100),
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children: [currentRoot]
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};
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currentRoot = aggId;
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}
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// Add Sort if ORDER BY exists
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if (parts.orderBy) {
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const sortId = nextId('sort');
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const parentRows = nodes[currentRoot].estimatedRows;
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nodes[sortId] = {
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id: sortId, op: 'Sort', orderBy: parts.orderBy,
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estimatedRows: parentRows,
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children: [currentRoot]
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};
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currentRoot = sortId;
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}
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// Add Limit
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if (parts.limit) {
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const limitId = nextId('limit');
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nodes[limitId] = {
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id: limitId, op: 'Limit', limit: Number(parts.limit),
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estimatedRows: Number(parts.limit),
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children: [currentRoot]
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};
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currentRoot = limitId;
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}
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// Add Project
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if (parts.select && parts.select !== '*') {
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const projectId = nextId('project');
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const parentRows = nodes[currentRoot].estimatedRows;
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const columns = parts.select.split(',').map(c => c.trim());
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nodes[projectId] = {
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id: projectId, op: 'Project', columns,
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estimatedRows: parentRows,
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children: [currentRoot]
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};
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currentRoot = projectId;
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}
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return { nodes, root: currentRoot };
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}
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// ─── Selectivity Estimation ─────────────────────────────────
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function estimateSelectivity(predicate: string): number {
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if (!predicate) return 1.0;
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// Each AND condition reduces by a factor
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const conditions = predicate.split(/\band\b/i).length;
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return Math.pow(0.3, conditions);
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}
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// ─── Rewrite Rules ──────────────────────────────────────────
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export function pushDownFilters(tree: PlanTree): PlanTree {
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const nodes = { ...tree.nodes };
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let root = tree.root;
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// Find Filter nodes directly above Join nodes and push predicates to the correct side
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function pushDown(nodeId: string): string {
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const node = nodes[nodeId];
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if (!node) return nodeId;
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// Recurse into children
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node.children = node.children.map(pushDown);
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if (node.op === 'Filter' && nodes[node.children[0]]?.op === 'Join') {
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const joinNode = nodes[node.children[0]];
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const predicate = node.predicate || '';
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// Check which side the predicate references
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const leftTable = nodes[joinNode.leftChild!]?.table ?? '';
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const rightTable = nodes[joinNode.rightChild!]?.table ?? '';
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const predCols = extractColumnRefs(predicate);
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const onlyLeft = predCols.every(c => c.startsWith(leftTable + '.') || !c.includes('.'));
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const onlyRight = predCols.every(c => c.startsWith(rightTable + '.') || !c.includes('.'));
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if (onlyLeft && joinNode.leftChild) {
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// Push filter to left child
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const filterId = nextId('filter');
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nodes[filterId] = {
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id: filterId, op: 'Filter', predicate,
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estimatedRows: Math.ceil(nodes[joinNode.leftChild].estimatedRows * 0.3),
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children: [joinNode.leftChild]
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};
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joinNode.leftChild = filterId;
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joinNode.children = [filterId, joinNode.rightChild!];
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joinNode.estimatedRows = Math.ceil(joinNode.estimatedRows * 0.7);
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return joinNode.id;
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} else if (onlyRight && joinNode.rightChild) {
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// Push filter to right child
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const filterId = nextId('filter');
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nodes[filterId] = {
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id: filterId, op: 'Filter', predicate,
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estimatedRows: Math.ceil(nodes[joinNode.rightChild].estimatedRows * 0.3),
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children: [joinNode.rightChild]
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};
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joinNode.rightChild = filterId;
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joinNode.children = [joinNode.leftChild!, filterId];
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joinNode.estimatedRows = Math.ceil(joinNode.estimatedRows * 0.7);
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return joinNode.id;
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}
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}
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return nodeId;
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}
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root = pushDown(root);
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return { nodes, root };
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}
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export function foldConstants(tree: PlanTree): PlanTree {
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const nodes = { ...tree.nodes };
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function fold(nodeId: string): void {
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const node = nodes[nodeId];
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if (!node) return;
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node.children.forEach(fold);
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if (node.op === 'Filter' && node.predicate) {
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node.predicate = node.predicate
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.replace(/\b(\d+)\s*\+\s*(\d+)\b/g, (_, a, b) => String(Number(a) + Number(b)))
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.replace(/\b(\d+)\s*-\s*(\d+)\b/g, (_, a, b) => String(Number(a) - Number(b)))
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.replace(/\b(\d+)\s*\*\s*(\d+)\b/g, (_, a, b) => String(Number(a) * Number(b)));
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}
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}
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fold(tree.root);
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return { nodes, root: tree.root };
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}
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export function pruneUnusedColumns(tree: PlanTree): PlanTree {
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// Collect all referenced columns from predicates, GROUP BY, ORDER BY
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const nodes = { ...tree.nodes };
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const required = new Set<string>();
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function collectRefs(nodeId: string): void {
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const node = nodes[nodeId];
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if (!node) return;
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if (node.predicate) extractColumnRefs(node.predicate).forEach(c => required.add(c));
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if (node.groupBy) extractColumnRefs(node.groupBy).forEach(c => required.add(c));
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if (node.orderBy) extractColumnRefs(node.orderBy).forEach(c => required.add(c));
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if (node.columns) node.columns.forEach(c => required.add(c));
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node.children.forEach(collectRefs);
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}
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collectRefs(tree.root);
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// Prune Project nodes
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function prune(nodeId: string): void {
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const node = nodes[nodeId];
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if (!node) return;
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node.children.forEach(prune);
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if (node.op === 'Project' && node.columns) {
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node.columns = node.columns.filter(c => required.has(c) || c === '*');
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if (node.columns!.length === 0) node.columns = ['*'];
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}
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}
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prune(tree.root);
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return { nodes, root: tree.root };
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}
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function extractColumnRefs(expr: string): string[] {
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const refs: string[] = [];
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const sqlKw = new Set(['select','from','where','and','or','not','join','inner','left','right',
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'full','on','as','is','null','in','between','like','order','by','group','limit',
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'having','distinct','asc','desc','count','sum','avg','min','max','true','false']);
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const matches = expr.matchAll(/\b(\w+)\.(\w+)\b/g);
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for (const m of matches) {
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const ref = `${m[1]}.${m[2]}`;
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if (!sqlKw.has(m[1].toLowerCase()) && !sqlKw.has(m[2].toLowerCase())) {
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refs.push(ref);
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}
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}
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return [...new Set(refs)];
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}
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// ─── Physical Plan Selection ────────────────────────────────
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export function choosePhysicalOperators(tree: PlanTree, stats: Record<string, TableStats>): PlanTree {
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const nodes = { ...tree.nodes };
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function choose(nodeId: string): void {
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const node = nodes[nodeId];
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if (!node) return;
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node.children.forEach(choose);
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// Choose join algorithm based on input sizes
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if (node.op === 'Join' && node.leftChild && node.rightChild) {
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const leftRows = nodes[node.leftChild]?.estimatedRows ?? 1000;
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const rightRows = nodes[node.rightChild]?.estimatedRows ?? 1000;
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if (leftRows > 10000 || rightRows > 10000) {
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node.joinType = 'hash';
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} else if (leftRows < 100 || rightRows < 100) {
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node.joinType = 'nested_loop';
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} else {
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node.joinType = 'merge';
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}
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}
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// Choose index scan for large tables with filters
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if (node.op === 'Scan' && node.table) {
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const parent = Object.values(nodes).find(n => n.children.includes(nodeId));
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if (parent?.op === 'Filter') {
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const tableStats = stats[node.table];
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if (tableStats && tableStats.rowCount > 10000) {
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// Mark as index scan
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node.table = node.table + ' /* index_scan */';
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}
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}
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}
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}
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choose(tree.root);
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return { nodes, root: tree.root };
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}
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// ─── Cost Estimation ───────────────────────────────────────
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export function estimateCost(nodes: Record<string, PlanNode>, rootId: string): number {
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const node = nodes[rootId];
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if (!node) return 0;
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const childCosts = node.children.reduce((sum, c) => sum + estimateCost(nodes, c), 0);
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let selfCost = 0;
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switch (node.op) {
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case 'Scan':
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selfCost = node.estimatedRows;
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break;
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case 'Filter':
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selfCost = Math.ceil(node.estimatedRows * 0.01);
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break;
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case 'Join': {
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const leftRows = node.leftChild ? (nodes[node.leftChild]?.estimatedRows ?? 1000) : 1000;
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const rightRows = node.rightChild ? (nodes[node.rightChild]?.estimatedRows ?? 1000) : 1000;
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if (node.joinType === 'hash') {
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selfCost = leftRows + rightRows + Math.ceil(leftRows * 0.5);
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} else if (node.joinType === 'nested_loop') {
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selfCost = leftRows * rightRows;
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} else {
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selfCost = leftRows + rightRows + Math.ceil(leftRows * 0.3);
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}
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break;
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}
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case 'Aggregate':
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selfCost = Math.ceil(node.estimatedRows * 0.5);
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break;
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case 'Sort':
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selfCost = Math.ceil(node.estimatedRows * Math.log2(Math.max(node.estimatedRows, 2)));
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break;
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case 'Project':
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selfCost = Math.ceil(node.estimatedRows * 0.001);
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break;
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case 'Limit':
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selfCost = 1;
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break;
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default:
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selfCost = node.estimatedRows;
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}
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return childCosts + selfCost;
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}
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// ─── SQL Generation ────────────────────────────────────────
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export function generateSQL(nodes: Record<string, PlanNode>, rootId: string): string {
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let select = '*';
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const fromTables: string[] = [];
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const joins: string[] = [];
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let where = '';
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let groupBy = '';
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let orderBy = '';
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let limit = '';
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function walk(nid: string): void {
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const n = nodes[nid];
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if (!n) return;
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switch (n.op) {
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case 'Scan':
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if (n.table) fromTables.push(n.table);
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break;
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case 'Filter':
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if (where) {
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where = `(${where}) AND (${n.predicate})`;
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} else {
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where = n.predicate ?? '';
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}
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break;
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case 'Join': {
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const jt = n.joinType === 'hash' ? 'INNER' : n.joinType === 'nested_loop' ? 'INNER' : (n.joinType?.toUpperCase() ?? 'INNER');
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const rt = nodes[n.rightChild!]?.table ?? 'unknown';
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const lt = nodes[n.leftChild!]?.table ?? 'unknown';
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const onClause = n.onClause ?? `${rt}.id = ${lt}.id`;
|
||||
joins.push(`${jt} JOIN ${rt} ON ${onClause}`);
|
||||
if (n.leftChild) walk(n.leftChild);
|
||||
if (n.rightChild) walk(n.rightChild);
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
case 'Aggregate':
|
||||
if (n.groupBy) {
|
||||
select = `${n.groupBy}, COUNT(*)`;
|
||||
groupBy = n.groupBy;
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
select = 'COUNT(*)';
|
||||
}
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 'Sort':
|
||||
orderBy = n.orderBy ?? '';
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 'Project':
|
||||
if (n.columns && n.columns.length > 0 && !n.columns.includes('*')) {
|
||||
select = n.columns.join(', ');
|
||||
}
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case 'Limit':
|
||||
limit = String(n.limit ?? '');
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
n.children.forEach(walk);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
walk(rootId);
|
||||
|
||||
let sql = `SELECT ${select} FROM ${fromTables.join(', ')}`;
|
||||
if (joins.length > 0) sql += ' ' + joins.join(' ');
|
||||
if (where) sql += ` WHERE ${where}`;
|
||||
if (groupBy) sql += ` GROUP BY ${groupBy}`;
|
||||
if (orderBy) sql += ` ORDER BY ${orderBy}`;
|
||||
if (limit) sql += ` LIMIT ${limit}`;
|
||||
return sql + ';';
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ─── Utility ───────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||||
|
||||
export function stringOfPlan(nodes: Record<string, PlanNode>, rootId: string, indent: number = 0): string {
|
||||
const node = nodes[rootId];
|
||||
if (!node) return '';
|
||||
const prefix = ' '.repeat(indent);
|
||||
let line = `${prefix}${node.op}`;
|
||||
if (node.table) line += ` [${node.table}]`;
|
||||
if (node.predicate) line += ` {${node.predicate}}`;
|
||||
if (node.joinType) line += ` (${node.joinType})`;
|
||||
line += ` rows=${node.estimatedRows}`;
|
||||
|
||||
const children = node.children.map(c => stringOfPlan(nodes, c, indent + 1)).filter(Boolean);
|
||||
return [line, ...children].join('\n');
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// ─── Sample Statistics ──────────────────────────────────────
|
||||
|
||||
export const sampleStats: Record<string, TableStats> = {
|
||||
users: {
|
||||
rowCount: 100000,
|
||||
columns: {
|
||||
id: { ndv: 100000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 4 },
|
||||
name: { ndv: 95000, nullFraction: 0.01, avgWidth: 24 },
|
||||
email: { ndv: 100000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 32 },
|
||||
created_at: { ndv: 90000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 8 },
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
orders: {
|
||||
rowCount: 500000,
|
||||
columns: {
|
||||
id: { ndv: 500000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 4 },
|
||||
user_id: { ndv: 80000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 4 },
|
||||
total: { ndv: 400000, nullFraction: 0.005, avgWidth: 8 },
|
||||
status: { ndv: 5, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 12 },
|
||||
created_at: { ndv: 450000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 8 },
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
products: {
|
||||
rowCount: 10000,
|
||||
columns: {
|
||||
id: { ndv: 10000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 4 },
|
||||
name: { ndv: 9800, nullFraction: 0.01, avgWidth: 48 },
|
||||
price: { ndv: 8500, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 8 },
|
||||
category: { ndv: 50, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 24 },
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
order_items: {
|
||||
rowCount: 1500000,
|
||||
columns: {
|
||||
id: { ndv: 1500000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 4 },
|
||||
order_id: { ndv: 500000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 4 },
|
||||
product_id: { ndv: 10000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 4 },
|
||||
quantity: { ndv: 20, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 4 },
|
||||
price: { ndv: 5000, nullFraction: 0, avgWidth: 8 },
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
// ─── Demo ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
|
||||
|
||||
export function demo(): void {
|
||||
const sql = "SELECT users.name, COUNT(*) FROM users INNER JOIN orders ON users.id = orders.user_id WHERE users.created_at > '2024-01-01' AND orders.status = 'active' GROUP BY users.name ORDER BY COUNT(*) DESC LIMIT 10";
|
||||
|
||||
console.log('=== SQL Query Optimizer Demo ===\n');
|
||||
console.log('Input SQL:');
|
||||
console.log(sql);
|
||||
console.log();
|
||||
|
||||
// Parse
|
||||
const initialPlan = buildInitialPlan(sql, sampleStats);
|
||||
console.log('Initial Plan:');
|
||||
console.log(stringOfPlan(initialPlan.nodes, initialPlan.root));
|
||||
const initialCost = estimateCost(initialPlan.nodes, initialPlan.root);
|
||||
console.log(`Initial Cost: ${initialCost}\n`);
|
||||
|
||||
// Rewrite: push down filters
|
||||
const afterPushDown = pushDownFilters(initialPlan);
|
||||
console.log('After Predicate Pushdown:');
|
||||
console.log(stringOfPlan(afterPushDown.nodes, afterPushDown.root));
|
||||
const pushDownCost = estimateCost(afterPushDown.nodes, afterPushDown.root);
|
||||
console.log(`Cost after pushdown: ${pushDownCost}\n`);
|
||||
|
||||
// Rewrite: fold constants
|
||||
const afterFold = foldConstants(afterPushDown);
|
||||
console.log('After Constant Folding:');
|
||||
console.log(stringOfPlan(afterFold.nodes, afterFold.root));
|
||||
const foldCost = estimateCost(afterFold.nodes, afterFold.root);
|
||||
console.log(`Cost after folding: ${foldCost}\n`);
|
||||
|
||||
// Physical plan
|
||||
const physicalPlan = choosePhysicalOperators(afterFold, sampleStats);
|
||||
console.log('Physical Plan:');
|
||||
console.log(stringOfPlan(physicalPlan.nodes, physicalPlan.root));
|
||||
const physicalCost = estimateCost(physicalPlan.nodes, physicalPlan.root);
|
||||
console.log(`Physical Cost: ${physicalCost}\n`);
|
||||
|
||||
// Generate optimized SQL
|
||||
const optimizedSQL = generateSQL(physicalPlan.nodes, physicalPlan.root);
|
||||
console.log('Optimized SQL:');
|
||||
console.log(optimizedSQL);
|
||||
console.log();
|
||||
|
||||
console.log('=== Summary ===');
|
||||
console.log(`Initial cost: ${initialCost}`);
|
||||
console.log(`Final cost: ${physicalCost}`);
|
||||
console.log(`Improvement: ${((1 - physicalCost / initialCost) * 100).toFixed(1)}%`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue