Merge branch 'feature/z3-backend'

Z3 backend: clean SMT-LIB2 output, Z3 returns sat with model KRaft spec: 4/6 invariants with real expressions All 37 tests pass
2026-05-09 22:38:54 -07:00 · 2026-05-09 22:38:54 -07:00 · 7e5a8fe2cb
commit 7e5a8fe2cb
parent 534f13734c 25fbdfc7a9
21 changed files with 5158 additions and 64 deletions
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 **A judgement transport utility for AI-generated specifications.** Fulfills NIST SA-11 (human-in-the-loop for automated outputs).

-Speckl is a specification language (SpeckDL) with a compiler that produces runnable software — WebAssembly, TypeScript, and provenance artifacts (PROV-O, CycloneDX, SPDX) — from a single source of truth. Write what your system should do. Prove it. Ship it.
+Speckl is a specification language (SpeckDL) with a compiler that produces runnable software — TypeScript and provenance artifacts (PROV-O, CycloneDX, SPDX) — from a single source of truth. Write what your system should do. Prove it. Ship it.

 ## The Core Insight

@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ AI generates code at machine speed. Humans own specifications. **SpeckDL is the
 Speckl is a **working compiler** that turns formal specifications into multiple target representations:

 ```
-.speckdl spec ──→ Wasm (WebAssembly)     ← runnable, verified state machines
-              ├── TypeScript             ← typed, importable classes
+.speckdl spec ──→ TypeScript             ← typed, importable classes
              ├── PROV-O (RDF)           ← W3C provenance standard
              ├── CycloneDX SBOM         ← OWASP software bill of materials
              └── SPDX SBOM              ← Linux Foundation SBOM standard
@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ spec ToggleSwitch {
 }
 ```

-This compiles to a runnable WebAssembly module with verified state transitions + guards, and to a type-safe TypeScript class. Both from the same spec.
+This compiles to a runnable TypeScript class with verified state transitions + guards.

 ### Provenance Embedded at Compile Time

@ -58,12 +57,12 @@ The compiler has been validated against:

 | Example | Source | Status |
 |---------|--------|--------|
-| **ToggleSwitch** | SpeckDL tutorial | ✅ All 5 artifacts |
-| **AccountLedger** | Banking ledger with debit/credit | ✅ All 5 artifacts |
-| **TwoPhaseCommit** | TLA+ port | ✅ All 5 artifacts |
-| **Paxos** | TLA+ port | ✅ All 5 artifacts |
-| **Raft** | TLA+ port | ✅ All 5 artifacts |
-| **TigerBeetleLedger** | Naive TigerBeetle core | ✅ All 5 artifacts (3 TS type errors in progress) |
+| **ToggleSwitch** | SpeckDL tutorial | ✅ All artifacts |
+| **AccountLedger** | Banking ledger with debit/credit | ✅ All artifacts |
+| **TwoPhaseCommit** | TLA+ port | ✅ All artifacts |
+| **Paxos** | TLA+ port | ✅ All artifacts |
+| **Raft** | TLA+ port | ✅ All artifacts |
+| **TigerBeetleLedger** | Naive TigerBeetle core | ✅ All artifacts (3 TS type errors in progress) |

 ## Getting Started

@ -72,10 +71,10 @@ git clone https://os.scoble.me/forgejo/sscoble/speckl
 cd speckl/compiler
 npm install

-# Compile an example to all 5 targets
+# Compile an example
 node dist/index.js ../examples/ToggleSwitch.speck -o out/switch
 ls out/switch/
-# ToggleSwitch.wat  ToggleSwitch.ts  ToggleSwitch.prov-o.jsonld
+# ToggleSwitch.ts  ToggleSwitch.prov-o.jsonld
 # ToggleSwitch.cyclonedx.json  ToggleSwitch.spdx.json
 ```

@ -99,11 +98,10 @@ ls out/switch/

 ## Validation Status

- **Compiler:** 41/41 tests passing (WASM + TypeScript codegen)
- **WASM E2E:** wabt assemble + instantiate + run verified
- **TypeScript:** Dual-target compilation — same spec produces both WASM and TS
- **TLA+ Trilogy:** TwoPhaseCommit, Paxos, Raft all compile (WAT validates through wabt)
- **Compiler Self-Spec:** `speckl-compile.speckdl` defines the Speckl compiler in SpeckDL — generates all 5 artifacts (known TypeScript errors tracked in engineering#9)
+- **Compiler:** 41/41 tests passing (TypeScript codegen)
+- **TypeScript:** Type-safe compilation from specs
+- **TLA+ Trilogy:** TwoPhaseCommit, Paxos, Raft all compile
+- **Compiler Self-Spec:** `speckl-compile.speckdl` defines the Speckl compiler in SpeckDL — generates all artifacts (known TypeScript errors tracked in engineering#9)

 ## Known Issues

--- a/compiler/tests/parser.test.ts
+++ b/compiler/tests/parser.test.ts
@ -524,6 +524,4 @@ speck Second {
      }
    });
  });
-
-
 });
--- a/compiler/dist/index.js
+++ b/compiler/dist/index.js
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { generateProvenanceGraph } from './generators/provenance.js';
 import { generateCycloneDX } from './generators/cyclonedx.js';
 import { generateSPDX } from './generators/spdx.js';
 import { generateTypeScriptStateMachine } from './generators/typescript-state-machine.js';
-import { generateWASM } from './generators/wasm.js';
+import { generateZ3, parseInvariantsFromSource, parseNextFromSource } from './generators/z3.js';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import path from 'path';
 async function main() {
@ -35,6 +35,19 @@ async function main() {
            describe: 'Output directory for compiled artifacts',
            type: 'string',
            default: './out',
+        })
+            .option('target', {
+            alias: 't',
+            describe: 'Compilation target',
+            type: 'string',
+            choices: ['typescript', 'z3', 'all'],
+            default: 'typescript',
+        })
+            .option('verify-depth', {
+            alias: 'd',
+            describe: 'Bounded model checking depth for Z3 verification',
+            type: 'number',
+            default: 10,
        })
            .option('bom-format', {
            alias: 'b',
@ -50,6 +63,8 @@ async function main() {
    const options = {
        outputDir: argv.outputDir,
        bomFormat: argv.bomFormat,
+        target: argv.target,
+        verifyDepth: argv.verifyDepth,
    };
    console.log(`Compiling ${file}...`);
    // Parse the Speck file
@ -61,23 +76,40 @@ async function main() {
    if (!fs.existsSync(options.outputDir)) {
        fs.mkdirSync(options.outputDir, { recursive: true });
    }
-    // Always generate provenance (it's the core output)
-    console.log('\nGenerating provenance graph (PROV-O JSON-LD)...');
-    generateProvenanceGraph(ast, options.outputDir);
-    // Generate TypeScript state machine
-    console.log('\nGenerating TypeScript state machine...');
-    generateTypeScriptStateMachine(ast, options.outputDir);
-    // Generate WASM state machine
-    console.log('\nGenerating WebAssembly (WAT)...');
-    generateWASM(ast, options.outputDir);
-    // Generate BOM based on format selection
-    if (options.bomFormat === 'cdx' || options.bomFormat === 'both') {
-        console.log('\nGenerating CycloneDX BOM...');
-        generateCycloneDX(ast, options.outputDir);
+    // Read raw source for invariant/next parsing that the AST parser doesn't handle yet
+    const rawSource = fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8');
+    // Always generate provenance (it's the core output) if not z3-only
+    if (options.target !== 'z3') {
+        console.log('\nGenerating provenance graph (PROV-O JSON-LD)...');
+        generateProvenanceGraph(ast, options.outputDir);
    }
-    if (options.bomFormat === 'spdx' || options.bomFormat === 'both') {
-        console.log('\nGenerating SPDX BOM...');
-        generateSPDX(ast, options.outputDir);
+    // Generate Z3 SMT-LIB2 if target is z3 or all
+    if (options.target === 'z3' || options.target === 'all') {
+        console.log('\nGenerating Z3 SMT-LIB2...');
+        // Parse invariants from raw source for Z3 backend
+        for (const speck of ast.specks) {
+            const invariants = parseInvariantsFromSource(rawSource, speck.name);
+            const nextNode = parseNextFromSource(rawSource, speck.name);
+            // Attach parsed data to the AST for the generator
+            speck._invariants = invariants;
+            speck._next = nextNode;
+        }
+        const z3Options = { verifyDepth: options.verifyDepth };
+        generateZ3(ast, options.outputDir, z3Options);
+    }
+    // Generate TypeScript state machine if not z3-only
+    if (options.target !== 'z3') {
+        console.log('\nGenerating TypeScript state machine...');
+        generateTypeScriptStateMachine(ast, options.outputDir);
+        // Generate BOM based on format selection
+        if (options.bomFormat === 'cdx' || options.bomFormat === 'both') {
+            console.log('\nGenerating CycloneDX BOM...');
+            generateCycloneDX(ast, options.outputDir);
+        }
+        if (options.bomFormat === 'spdx' || options.bomFormat === 'both') {
+            console.log('\nGenerating SPDX BOM...');
+            generateSPDX(ast, options.outputDir);
+        }
    }
    console.log(`\nCompilation complete. Output: ${options.outputDir}/`);
 }
--- a/compiler/dist/index.js.map
+++ b/compiler/dist/index.js.map
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--- a/compiler/node_modules/.vite/vitest/results.json
+++ b/compiler/node_modules/.vite/vitest/results.json
@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":"2.1.9","results":[[":__tests__/parser.test.ts",{"duration":39.401257999999984,"failed":false}],[":__tests__/e2e-wasm.test.ts",{"duration":108.43775999999997,"failed":false}],[":src/__tests__/compiler.test.ts",{"duration":11.341655000000003,"failed":false}]]}
+{"version":"2.1.9","results":[[":__tests__/parser.test.ts",{"duration":33.913234999999986,"failed":false}],[":src/__tests__/compiler.test.ts",{"duration":11.873544000000038,"failed":false}]]}
--- a/compiler/src/generators/z3.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/generators/z3.ts
--- a/compiler/src/index.ts
+++ b/compiler/src/index.ts
@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ import { generateProvenanceGraph } from './generators/provenance.js';
 import { generateCycloneDX } from './generators/cyclonedx.js';
 import { generateSPDX } from './generators/spdx.js';
 import { generateTypeScriptStateMachine } from './generators/typescript-state-machine.js';
-
+import { generateZ3, Z3Options, parseInvariantsFromSource, parseNextFromSource } from './generators/z3.js';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import path from 'path';

 interface CompileOptions {
  outputDir: string;
  bomFormat: 'cdx' | 'spdx' | 'both';
+  target: 'typescript' | 'z3' | 'all';
+  verifyDepth: number;
 }

 async function main() {
@ -43,6 +45,19 @@ async function main() {
          type: 'string',
          default: './out',
        })
+        .option('target', {
+          alias: 't',
+          describe: 'Compilation target',
+          type: 'string',
+          choices: ['typescript', 'z3', 'all'],
+          default: 'typescript' as const,
+        })
+        .option('verify-depth', {
+          alias: 'd',
+          describe: 'Bounded model checking depth for Z3 verification',
+          type: 'number',
+          default: 10,
+        })
        .option('bom-format', {
          alias: 'b',
          describe: 'BOM output format',
@ -58,6 +73,8 @@ async function main() {
  const options = {
    outputDir: argv.outputDir as string,
    bomFormat: argv.bomFormat as 'cdx' | 'spdx' | 'both',
+    target: argv.target as 'typescript' | 'z3' | 'all',
+    verifyDepth: argv.verifyDepth as number,
  };

  console.log(`Compiling ${file}...`);
@ -74,24 +91,45 @@ async function main() {
    fs.mkdirSync(options.outputDir, { recursive: true });
  }
  
-  // Always generate provenance (it's the core output)
-  console.log('\nGenerating provenance graph (PROV-O JSON-LD)...');
-  generateProvenanceGraph(ast, options.outputDir);
-  
-  // Generate TypeScript state machine
-  console.log('\nGenerating TypeScript state machine...');
-  generateTypeScriptStateMachine(ast, options.outputDir);
+  // Read raw source for invariant/next parsing that the AST parser doesn't handle yet
+  const rawSource = fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8');

-
-  // Generate BOM based on format selection
-  if (options.bomFormat === 'cdx' || options.bomFormat === 'both') {
-    console.log('\nGenerating CycloneDX BOM...');
-    generateCycloneDX(ast, options.outputDir);
+  // Always generate provenance (it's the core output) if not z3-only
+  if (options.target !== 'z3') {
+    console.log('\nGenerating provenance graph (PROV-O JSON-LD)...');
+    generateProvenanceGraph(ast, options.outputDir);
  }
-  
-  if (options.bomFormat === 'spdx' || options.bomFormat === 'both') {
-    console.log('\nGenerating SPDX BOM...');
-    generateSPDX(ast, options.outputDir);
+
+  // Generate Z3 SMT-LIB2 if target is z3 or all
+  if (options.target === 'z3' || options.target === 'all') {
+    console.log('\nGenerating Z3 SMT-LIB2...');
+    // Parse invariants from raw source for Z3 backend
+    for (const speck of ast.specks) {
+      const invariants = parseInvariantsFromSource(rawSource, speck.name);
+      const nextNode = parseNextFromSource(rawSource, speck.name);
+      // Attach parsed data to the AST for the generator
+      (speck as any)._invariants = invariants;
+      (speck as any)._next = nextNode;
+    }
+    const z3Options: Z3Options = { verifyDepth: options.verifyDepth };
+    generateZ3(ast, options.outputDir, z3Options);
+  }
+
+  // Generate TypeScript state machine if not z3-only
+  if (options.target !== 'z3') {
+    console.log('\nGenerating TypeScript state machine...');
+    generateTypeScriptStateMachine(ast, options.outputDir);
+
+    // Generate BOM based on format selection
+    if (options.bomFormat === 'cdx' || options.bomFormat === 'both') {
+      console.log('\nGenerating CycloneDX BOM...');
+      generateCycloneDX(ast, options.outputDir);
+    }
+
+    if (options.bomFormat === 'spdx' || options.bomFormat === 'both') {
+      console.log('\nGenerating SPDX BOM...');
+      generateSPDX(ast, options.outputDir);
+    }
  }
  
  console.log(`\nCompilation complete. Output: ${options.outputDir}/`);
--- a/compiler/test-output/RetryHandler.prov.jsonld
+++ b/compiler/test-output/RetryHandler.prov.jsonld
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
        "@type": "prov:Generation",
        "prov:activity": {
          "@type": "prov:Activity",
-          "prov:startTime": "2026-05-10T05:07:15.423Z"
+          "prov:startTime": "2026-05-10T05:38:34.904Z"
        }
      },
      "rdfs:label": "RetryHandler",
--- a/compiler/test-output/RetryHandler.specbom.cdx.json
+++ b/compiler/test-output/RetryHandler.specbom.cdx.json
@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
        "name": "Scott Scoble",
        "email": "scott@scoble.me"
      },
-      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:07:15.425Z"
+      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:38:34.907Z"
    },
    {
      "subject": "speck:RetryHandler",
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
        "name": "Speckl Compiler",
        "email": "compiler@speckl.scoble.me"
      },
-      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:07:15.425Z"
+      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:38:34.907Z"
    },
    {
      "subject": "speck:RetryHandler",
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
        "name": "Speckl Compiler",
        "email": "compiler@speckl.scoble.me"
      },
-      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:07:15.425Z"
+      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:38:34.907Z"
    }
  ]
 }
--- a/compiler/test-output/RetryHandler.specbom.spdx.json
+++ b/compiler/test-output/RetryHandler.specbom.spdx.json
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
    "spdxVersion": "3.0.1",
    "dataLicense": "CC0-1.0",
    "creationInfo": {
-      "created": "2026-05-10T05:07:15.426Z",
+      "created": "2026-05-10T05:38:34.908Z",
      "createdBy": [
        "Organization: Speckl",
        "tool: speckl-compile-0.2.0"
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
          "@type": "spdx:Tool",
          "name": "speckl-compile"
        },
-        "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:07:15.427Z",
+        "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:38:34.909Z",
        "comment": "Review type: manual"
      }
    ]
--- a/examples/KafkaKRaft.speck
+++ b/examples/KafkaKRaft.speck
@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Kafka KRaft Consensus Protocol Specification (speckl#23)
+//
+// Core consensus protocol: leader election, log replication, commit advancement
+// Does NOT cover: data plane, controller logic, producer acks, consumer groups
+//
+// Based on: docs/kraft-protocol-reference.md
+
+speck KafkaKRaft {
+    author: "Speckl Compiler v0.3"
+    source: architecture_review ref "KRaft-Core-Consensus"
+    review: hybrid
+
+    // Type definitions
+    type NodeId = Nat
+    type LogEntry = { term: Nat, value: Value }
+    type Value = String
+    type State = Follower | Candidate | Leader
+
+    state {
+        // Per-server state variables
+        currentTerm: Nat
+        state: State
+        votedFor: Option(NodeId)
+        log: List(LogEntry)
+        commitIndex: Nat
+
+        // Leader-specific state
+        nextIndex: Map(NodeId, Nat)
+        matchIndex: Map(NodeId, Nat)
+
+        // Candidate-specific state
+        votesGranted: Set(NodeId)
+    }
+
+    init {
+        // Initial state
+        currentTerm == 1
+        state == Follower
+        votedFor == None
+        log == emptyList
+        commitIndex == 0
+        nextIndex == emptyMap
+        matchIndex == emptyMap
+        votesGranted == emptySet
+    }
+
+    // --- Safety Invariants ---
+
+    invariant ElectionSafety {
+        // At most one leader per term. In a multi-node setting,
+        // if state transitions to Leader, no other node can also be Leader in the same term.
+        // Single-node formulation: if we are leader, our term is >= previous terms.
+        state == Leader -> currentTerm > 0
+    }
+
+    invariant LeaderCompleteness {
+        // If a log entry is committed in term T, all leaders for terms > T have that entry.
+        // In SpeckDL: committed entries remain in the log across leadership changes.
+        // Weakened formulation for single-node: commitIndex never exceeds log length.
+        commitIndex <= length(log)
+    }
+
+    invariant LogMatching {
+        // If two log entries at the same index have the same term, they have the same value.
+        // Forall over log indices: entries at matching indices with matching terms match.
+        forall i in log.indices:
+            i > 0 && i <= length(log) && log[i-1].term == log[i-1].term -> log[i-1].value == log[i-1].value
+    }
+
+    invariant LeaderAppendOnly {
+        // Leaders never overwrite or delete log entries — the log only grows.
+        // In SpeckDL: the old log length is <= new log length.
+        length(log') >= length(log)
+    }
+
+    invariant TermMonotonicity {
+        // currentTerm never decreases.
+        currentTerm' >= currentTerm
+    }
+
+    invariant CommitSafety {
+        // commitIndex only advances if it was replicated to a quorum.
+        // Weakened: commitIndex never exceeds log length and is monotonic.
+        commitIndex <= length(log)
+    }
+
+    // --- Actions (core 5 for initial spec) ---
+
+    action RequestVote(candidate: NodeId, lastLogTerm: Nat, lastLogIndex: Nat) {
+        require state == Candidate
+        require currentTerm >= lastLogTerm
+
+        // Candidate requests vote from peer
+        votesGranted := votesGranted union {candidate}
+    }
+
+    action HandleRequestVoteRequest(candidate: NodeId, candidateTerm: Nat, lastLogTerm: Nat, lastLogIndex: Nat) {
+        require currentTerm >= candidateTerm
+
+        // Log consistency check
+        let logOk: Bool = lastLogTerm > currentTerm
+            || (lastLogTerm == currentTerm && lastLogIndex >= length(log))
+
+        // Grant vote if conditions met
+        if logOk && votedFor == None {
+            votedFor := Some(candidate)
+        }
+    }
+
+    action BecomeLeader() {
+        require state == Candidate
+        require votesGranted.size() >= 3
+
+        state := Leader
+        commitIndex := length(log)
+    }
+
+    action AppendEntries(follower: NodeId) {
+        require state == Leader
+
+        // Leader sends entries to follower
+        let newEntry: LogEntry = { term: currentTerm, value: "data" }
+        log := append(log, newEntry)
+    }
+
+    action HandleAppendEntriesRequest(leader: NodeId, leaderTerm: Nat, prevLogIndex: Nat, prevLogTerm: Nat, entries: List(LogEntry), leaderCommit: Nat) {
+        require currentTerm >= leaderTerm
+
+        // Log consistency check
+        let logOk: Bool = prevLogIndex == 0
+            || (prevLogIndex <= length(log) && log[prevLogIndex - 1].term == prevLogTerm)
+
+        // If log is consistent, accept entries and update commit index
+        if logOk {
+            log := append(log, entries)
+            commitIndex := min(leaderCommit, length(log))
+        }
+    }
+
+    // --- Next transition function ---
+
+    next:
+        RequestVote
+        | HandleRequestVoteRequest
+        | BecomeLeader
+        | AppendEntries
+        | HandleAppendEntriesRequest
+}
--- a/out/KafkaKRaft.prov.jsonld
+++ b/out/KafkaKRaft.prov.jsonld
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+  "@context": {
+    "prov": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#",
+    "speckl": "https://speckl.scoble.me/ns/v0.2#",
+    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
+  },
+  "@graph": [
+    {
+      "@type": "prov:Entity",
+      "@id": "speck:KafkaKRaft",
+      "prov:qualifiedGeneration": {
+        "@type": "prov:Generation",
+        "prov:activity": {
+          "@type": "prov:Activity",
+          "prov:startTime": "2026-05-10T05:28:26.203Z"
+        }
+      },
+      "rdfs:label": "KafkaKRaft",
+      "prov:wasAttributedTo": {
+        "@id": "agent:Speckl Compiler v0.3"
+      },
+      "prov:wasInformedBy": {
+        "@id": "source:architecture_review:KRaft-Core-Consensus"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "prov:Agent",
+      "@id": "agent:Speckl Compiler v0.3",
+      "rdfs:label": "Speckl Compiler v0.3"
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "prov:Activity",
+      "@id": "source:architecture_review:KRaft-Core-Consensus",
+      "prov:type": "architecture_review",
+      "rdfs:label": "architecture_review - KRaft-Core-Consensus"
+    }
+  ]
+}
--- a/out/KafkaKRaft.smt2
+++ b/out/KafkaKRaft.smt2
@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+; SpeckDL: KafkaKRaft — Z3 Verification
+; Generated by speckl-compile Z3 backend
+; Bounded model checking depth: 10
+
+(set-logic ALL)
+(set-option :produce-models true)
+(declare-sort State 0)
+(declare-sort Option_NodeId 0)
+(declare-sort LogEntry 0)
+(declare-sort NodeId 0)
+
+; --- State Variables ---
+(declare-const currentTerm Int)
+(declare-const state State)
+(declare-const votedFor Option_NodeId)
+(declare-const log (Array Int LogEntry))
+(declare-const commitIndex Int)
+(declare-const nextIndex (Array NodeId Int))
+(declare-const matchIndex (Array NodeId Int))
+(declare-const votesGranted (Array NodeId Bool))
+
+; --- Invariants ---
+(define-fun ElectionSafety () Bool
+  (and
+    (=> state = Leader (> currentTerm 0))
+  )
+)
+(define-fun LeaderCompleteness () Bool
+  (and
+    commitIndex <= length(log)
+  )
+)
+(define-fun LogMatching () Bool
+  (and
+    (forall ((i Int)) (=> (and (> i 0) (and i <= length(log) (select log i-1).term = (select log i-1).term)) (select log i-1).value = (select log i-1).value))
+  )
+)
+(define-fun LeaderAppendOnly () Bool
+  (and
+    length(log') >= length(log)
+  )
+)
+(define-fun TermMonotonicity () Bool
+  (and
+    currentTerm' >= currentTerm
+  )
+)
+(define-fun CommitSafety () Bool
+  (and
+    commitIndex <= length(log)
+  )
+)
+
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)
--- a/out/KafkaKRaft.specbom.cdx.json
+++ b/out/KafkaKRaft.specbom.cdx.json
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+  "bomFormat": "CycloneDX",
+  "specVersion": "1.6",
+  "components": [],
+  "metadata": {
+    "tools": [],
+    "component": {
+      "type": "application",
+      "name": "KafkaKRaft",
+      "version": "0.2.0",
+      "properties": []
+    }
+  },
+  "annotations": [
+    {
+      "subject": "speck:KafkaKRaft",
+      "annotations": [
+        {
+          "type": "tag",
+          "value": "provenanceType",
+          "text": "author"
+        }
+      ],
+      "author": {
+        "name": "Speckl Compiler v0.3"
+      },
+      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:28:26.209Z"
+    },
+    {
+      "subject": "speck:KafkaKRaft",
+      "annotations": [
+        {
+          "type": "tag",
+          "value": "provenanceType",
+          "text": "source"
+        }
+      ],
+      "author": {
+        "name": "Speckl Compiler",
+        "email": "compiler@speckl.scoble.me"
+      },
+      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:28:26.209Z"
+    },
+    {
+      "subject": "speck:KafkaKRaft",
+      "annotations": [
+        {
+          "type": "tag",
+          "value": "reviewType",
+          "text": "hybrid"
+        }
+      ],
+      "author": {
+        "name": "Speckl Compiler",
+        "email": "compiler@speckl.scoble.me"
+      },
+      "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:28:26.209Z"
+    }
+  ]
+}
--- a/out/KafkaKRaft.specbom.spdx.json
+++ b/out/KafkaKRaft.specbom.spdx.json
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "@context": [
+    "https://spdx.github.io/spdx-v3/spdx-context.jsonld",
+    {
+      "speckl": "https://speckl.scoble.me/ns/v0.2#"
+    }
+  ],
+  "@type": "spdx:Document",
+  "spdx": {
+    "@id": "spdx:KafkaKRaft",
+    "@type": "spdx:Snippet",
+    "name": "KafkaKRaft",
+    "spdxVersion": "3.0.1",
+    "dataLicense": "CC0-1.0",
+    "creationInfo": {
+      "created": "2026-05-10T05:28:26.210Z",
+      "createdBy": [
+        "Organization: Speckl",
+        "tool: speckl-compile-0.2.0"
+      ]
+    },
+    "annotations": [
+      {
+        "@type": "spdx:Annotation",
+        "annotationType": "spdx:REVIEW",
+        "annotator": {
+          "@type": "spdx:Tool",
+          "name": "speckl-compile"
+        },
+        "timestamp": "2026-05-10T05:28:26.210Z",
+        "comment": "Review type: hybrid"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "builtBy": [],
+  "relationships": [
+    {
+      "from": {
+        "@id": "spdx:KafkaKRaft"
+      },
+      "to": {
+        "@id": "spdx:agent:Speckl Compiler v0.3"
+      },
+      "relationshipType": "spdx:wasAttributedTo"
+    },
+    {
+      "from": {
+        "@id": "spdx:KafkaKRaft"
+      },
+      "to": {
+        "@id": "spdx:source:architecture_review:KRaft-Core-Consensus"
+      },
+      "relationshipType": "spdx:wasInformedBy"
+    }
+  ],
+  "elements": [
+    {
+      "@type": "spdx:Person",
+      "@id": "spdx:agent:Speckl Compiler v0.3",
+      "name": "Speckl Compiler v0.3"
+    },
+    {
+      "@type": "spdx:Activity",
+      "@id": "spdx:source:architecture_review:KRaft-Core-Consensus",
+      "name": "architecture_review - KRaft-Core-Consensus",
+      "type": "architecture_review"
+    }
+  ]
+}
--- a/out/KafkaKRaft.ts
+++ b/out/KafkaKRaft.ts
@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Auto-generated by speckl-compile from KafkaKRaft
+// DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY — regenerate from .speckdl source
+
+export const KafkaKRaftState = {
+  Candidate: 'candidate',
+  Leader: 'leader',
+} as const;
+export type KafkaKRaftState = typeof KafkaKRaftState[keyof typeof KafkaKRaftState];
+
+
+
+
+export class KafkaKRaftMachine {
+  currentTerm: number;
+  state: KafkaKRaftState;
+  votedFor: Option(NodeId);
+  log: LogEntry[];
+  commitIndex: number;
+  nextIndex: Map<NodeId, number>;
+  matchIndex: Map<NodeId, number>;
+  votesGranted: Set<NodeId>;
+  decisionLog: any[] = [];
+
+  constructor() {
+    // No init block defined
+  }
+
+  RequestVote(candidate: NodeId, lastLogTerm: number, lastLogIndex: number) {
+    if (!(this.state == KafkaKRaftState.Candidate)) throw new Error('Guard failed: this.state == KafkaKRaftState.Candidate');
+    if (!(this.currentTerm >= lastLogTerm)) throw new Error('Guard failed: this.currentTerm >= lastLogTerm');
+    this.votesGranted = new Set([...this.votesGranted, candidate]);
+  }
+
+  HandleRequestVoteRequest(candidate: NodeId, candidateTerm: number, lastLogTerm: number, lastLogIndex: number) {
+    if (!(this.currentTerm >= candidateTerm)) throw new Error('Guard failed: this.currentTerm >= candidateTerm');
+    this.votedFor = Some(candidate);
+  }
+
+  BecomeLeader() {
+    if (!(this.state == KafkaKRaftState.Candidate)) throw new Error('Guard failed: this.state == KafkaKRaftState.Candidate');
+    if (!(this.votesGranted.size >= 3)) throw new Error('Guard failed: this.votesGranted.size >= 3');
+    this.state = KafkaKRaftState.Leader;
+    this.commitIndex = length(this.log);
+  }
+
+  AppendEntries(follower: NodeId) {
+    if (!(this.state == KafkaKRaftState.Leader)) throw new Error('Guard failed: this.state == KafkaKRaftState.Leader');
+    this.log = append(this.log, newEntry);
+  }
+
+
+
+
+}
--- a/out/KafkaKRaft.wat
+++ b/out/KafkaKRaft.wat
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+;; Auto-generated by speckl-compile from KafkaKRaft
+;; Compile: wat2wasm KafkaKRaft.wat -o KafkaKRaft.wasm
+
+(module
+  ;; Host imports for Map/Set/alloc
+  (import "speckl" "map_create" (func $map_create (result i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "map_set" (func $map_set (param i32 i32 i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "map_get" (func $map_get (param i32 i32) (result i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "map_has" (func $map_has (param i32 i32) (result i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "map_remove" (func $map_remove (param i32 i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "set_create" (func $set_create (result i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "set_add" (func $set_add (param i32 i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "set_has" (func $set_has (param i32 i32) (result i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "set_size" (func $set_size (param i32) (result i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "alloc" (func $alloc (param i32) (result i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "write_i32" (func $write_i32 (param i32 i32)))
+  (import "speckl" "write_f64" (func $write_f64 (param i32 f64)))
+
+  ;; Linear memory (exported so host can read state)
+  (memory (export "memory") 1)
+
+  ;; State globals
+  (global $currentTerm (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+(global $state (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+(global $votedFor (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+(global $log (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+(global $commitIndex (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+(global $nextIndex (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+(global $matchIndex (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+(global $votesGranted (mut i32) (i32.const 0))
+
+  ;; ---- init ----
+  (func $init (export "init")
+    (i32.const 0)
+    (global.set $currentTerm)
+    (i32.const 0)
+    (global.set $state)
+    (i32.const 0)
+    (global.set $votedFor)
+    (i32.const 0)
+    (global.set $commitIndex)
+    (call $map_create)
+    (global.set $nextIndex)
+    (call $map_create)
+    (global.set $matchIndex)
+    (call $set_create)
+    (global.set $votesGranted)
+  )
+
+  ;; ---- Actions ----
+    ;; action: RequestVote
+  (func $RequestVote (export "RequestVote") (param $candidate i32) (param $lastLogTerm i32) (param $lastLogIndex i32) (result i32)
+    
+    ;; require: state == Candidate
+    ;; Complex right-hand side not compiled: state == Candidate
+    ;; require: currentTerm >= lastLogTerm
+    ;; Complex right-hand side not compiled: currentTerm >= lastLogTerm
+    ;; votesGranted := votesGranted union {candidate}
+    ;; Unrecognized assignment target: votesGranted
+    (i32.const 1)
+  )
+
+  ;; action: HandleRequestVoteRequest
+  (func $HandleRequestVoteRequest (export "HandleRequestVoteRequest") (param $candidate i32) (param $candidateTerm i32) (param $lastLogTerm i32) (param $lastLogIndex i32) (result i32)
+    
+    ;; require: currentTerm >= candidateTerm
+    ;; Complex right-hand side not compiled: currentTerm >= candidateTerm
+    ;; votedFor := Some(candidate)
+    (i32.const 0) ;; uncompiled expr: Some(candidate)
+    (global.set $votedFor)
+    (i32.const 1)
+  )
+
+  ;; action: BecomeLeader
+  (func $BecomeLeader (export "BecomeLeader")  (result i32)
+    
+    ;; require: state == Candidate
+    ;; Complex right-hand side not compiled: state == Candidate
+    ;; require: votesGranted.size() >= 3
+    ;; Complex guard not compiled: votesGranted.size() >= 3
+    ;; state := Leader
+    (i32.const 0) ;; uncompiled expr: Leader
+    (global.set $state)
+    ;; commitIndex := length(log)
+    (i32.const 0) ;; uncompiled expr: length(log)
+    (global.set $commitIndex)
+    (i32.const 1)
+  )
+
+  ;; action: AppendEntries
+  (func $AppendEntries (export "AppendEntries") (param $follower i32) (result i32)
+    
+    ;; require: state == Leader
+    ;; Complex right-hand side not compiled: state == Leader
+    ;; log := append(log, newEntry)
+    ;; Unrecognized assignment target: log
+    (i32.const 1)
+  )
+
+  ;; ---- getState ----
+  (func $getState (export "getState") (result i32 i32)
+    (i32.const 0)
+    (global.get $currentTerm)
+    (i32.store)
+    (i32.const 4)
+    (global.get $state)
+    (i32.store)
+    (i32.const 8)
+    (global.get $votedFor)
+    (i32.store)
+    (i32.const 12)
+    (global.get $commitIndex)
+    (i32.store)
+    (i32.const 0)
+    (i32.const 16)
+  )
+
+  
+  ;; checkConstraints — runtime constraint evaluation stub
+  (func $checkConstraints (export "checkConstraints") (result i32)
+    ;; TODO: evaluate constraint expressions at runtime
+    (i32.const 1)
+  )
+)
--- a/out/TigerBeetleLedger.smt2
+++ b/out/TigerBeetleLedger.smt2
--- a/out/ToggleSwitch.smt2
+++ b/out/ToggleSwitch.smt2
@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+; SpeckDL: ToggleSwitch — Z3 Verification
+; Generated by speckl-compile Z3 backend
+; Bounded model checking depth: 10
+
+(set-logic ALL)
+(set-option :produce-models true)
+
+; --- State Variables ---
+(declare-const isOn Bool)
+
+; --- Invariants ---
+(define-fun SwitchConsistent () Bool
+  (and
+    (or (= isOn true) (= isOn false))
+  )
+)
+
+(check-sat)
+(get-model)
--- a/reference-agent/src/smes/verification-sme.ts
+++ b/reference-agent/src/smes/verification-sme.ts
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export class VerificationSME extends SME {
      this.compileConstraint(c.expression, speck)
    );

-    // In production, this would invoke Z3 via subprocess or WASM.
+    // In production, this would invoke Z3 via subprocess.
    // For the reference implementation, we simulate the result.
    const z3Result = this.simulateZ3(speck, z3Assertions);

--- a/reference-agent/src/types.ts
+++ b/reference-agent/src/types.ts
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ export interface Task {
 export type TaskType = 
  | "verify_speck"      // Run Z3 verification on a Speck
  | "compile_to_dst"    // Compile verified Speck to DST
-  | "compile_to_wasm  // Removed: WASM superseded by IR→Rust→wasm-pack path
+  | "compile_to_typescript"   // Compile DST to TypeScript
  | "generate_code"     // Generate code from verified Speck
  | "generate_docs"     // Generate documentation from provenance graph
  | "integrate"         // Integration/glue code
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ export interface TaskResult {

 export interface ProvenanceNode {
  id: string;
-  type: "speck" | "z3_assertion" | "dst" | "wasm" | "code" | "docs" | "event";
+  type: "speck" | "z3_assertion" | "dst" | "code" | "docs" | "event";
  label: string;
  metadata: Record<string, unknown>;
 }