diff --git a/packages/tui/CHANGELOG.md b/packages/tui/CHANGELOG.md
index 243cbca46..66db754c9 100644
--- a/packages/tui/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/packages/tui/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- Fixed LaTeX legacy font switches falling back to raw source, centered `cases` layouts around surrounding equations, and vertically laid out unsupported and nested display scripts ([#8827](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi/issues/8827), [#9564](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi/issues/9564), [#7929](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi/issues/7929)).
 - Fixed fullscreen clipboard failures hiding actionable backend error messages behind a generic notice, and extended failure notices to five seconds ([#9618](https://github.com/earendil-works/pi/issues/9618)).
 
 ## [0.85.1] - 2026-09-05
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/latex.ts b/packages/tui/src/latex.ts
index b9c0f9e8c..060fd052d 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/latex.ts
+++ b/packages/tui/src/latex.ts
@@ -523,6 +523,7 @@ const SPACING_COMMANDS = new Set([
 ]);
 const NEGATIVE_SPACING_COMMANDS = new Set(["!", "negmedspace", "negthickspace", "negthinspace"]);
 const NEGATIVE_SPACE = "\u0000";
+const FONT_SWITCH_COMMANDS = new Set(["bf", "cal", "it", "rm", "sf", "sl", "tt"]);
 const IGNORED_COMMANDS = new Set([
 	"displaystyle",
 	"limits",
@@ -610,10 +611,17 @@ function replaceCharacters(value: string, replacements: Readonly<Record<string,
 	return result;
 }
 
+function normalizeScriptValue(value: string): string {
+	return value.trim().replace(/\s*([=+-])\s*/g, "$1");
+}
+
+function formatUnicodeScript(value: string, kind: "sub" | "sup"): string | undefined {
+	return replaceCharacters(normalizeScriptValue(value), kind === "sub" ? SUBSCRIPTS : SUPERSCRIPTS);
+}
+
 function formatScript(value: string, kind: "sub" | "sup"): string {
-	value = value.trim();
-	const replacements = kind === "sub" ? SUBSCRIPTS : SUPERSCRIPTS;
-	const unicode = replaceCharacters(value.replace(/\s*([=+-])\s*/g, "$1"), replacements);
+	value = normalizeScriptValue(value);
+	const unicode = formatUnicodeScript(value, kind);
 	if (unicode !== undefined) {
 		return unicode;
 	}
@@ -669,13 +677,19 @@ interface OperatorNode {
 	upper?: string;
 }
 
+interface ScriptNode {
+	type: "script";
+	lower?: string;
+	upper?: string;
+}
+
 interface MatrixNode {
 	type: "matrix";
 	lines: string[];
 	baseline: number;
 }
 
-type LayoutNode = FractionNode | OperatorNode | MatrixNode;
+type LayoutNode = FractionNode | OperatorNode | ScriptNode | MatrixNode;
 
 interface Layout {
 	lines: string[];
@@ -778,6 +792,19 @@ function renderLayout(source: string, nodes: readonly LayoutNode[]): Layout {
 					width: contentWidth + 1,
 					baseline: node.upper === undefined ? 0 : 1,
 				});
+			} else if (node.type === "script") {
+				const upper = node.upper === undefined ? undefined : renderLayout(node.upper, nodes);
+				const lower = node.lower === undefined ? undefined : renderLayout(node.lower, nodes);
+				const width = Math.max(upper?.width ?? 0, lower?.width ?? 0);
+				layouts.push({
+					lines: [
+						...(upper?.lines.map((line) => padLayoutLine(line, width)) ?? []),
+						" ".repeat(width),
+						...(lower?.lines.map((line) => padLayoutLine(line, width)) ?? []),
+					],
+					width,
+					baseline: upper?.lines.length ?? 0,
+				});
 			} else {
 				const width = Math.max(0, ...node.lines.map((line) => visibleWidth(line)));
 				layouts.push({
@@ -815,6 +842,7 @@ class LatexParser {
 	private position = 0;
 	private supported = true;
 	private stackFractions = true;
+	private scriptDepth = 0;
 
 	constructor(source: string, layoutNodes: LayoutNode[], display: boolean) {
 		this.source = source;
@@ -866,7 +894,7 @@ class LatexParser {
 			if (character === "^" || character === "_") {
 				this.position++;
 				result = result.trimEnd();
-				const script = formatScript(this.parseRequiredArgument(false), character === "_" ? "sub" : "sup");
+				const script = this.parseScripts(character);
 				if (result.endsWith(NAMED_OPERATOR_END)) {
 					result = `${result.slice(0, -NAMED_OPERATOR_END.length)}${script}${NAMED_OPERATOR_END}`;
 				} else {
@@ -918,6 +946,64 @@ class LatexParser {
 		return result;
 	}
 
+	private parseScripts(initialMarker: "^" | "_"): string {
+		const scripts: { sub?: string; sup?: string } = {};
+		const order: Array<"sub" | "sup"> = [];
+		const parse = (marker: "^" | "_"): void => {
+			const kind = marker === "_" ? "sub" : "sup";
+			this.scriptDepth++;
+			try {
+				scripts[kind] = this.parseRequiredArgument(false);
+			} finally {
+				this.scriptDepth--;
+			}
+			order.push(kind);
+		};
+
+		parse(initialMarker);
+		let nextPosition = this.position;
+		while (nextPosition < this.source.length && /\s/.test(this.source[nextPosition] ?? "")) {
+			nextPosition++;
+		}
+		const nextMarker = this.source[nextPosition];
+		if ((nextMarker === "^" || nextMarker === "_") && nextMarker !== initialMarker) {
+			this.position = nextPosition + 1;
+			parse(nextMarker);
+		}
+
+		const subUnicode = scripts.sub === undefined ? undefined : formatUnicodeScript(scripts.sub, "sub");
+		const supUnicode = scripts.sup === undefined ? undefined : formatUnicodeScript(scripts.sup, "sup");
+		const canUseLayout = ![scripts.sub, scripts.sup].some(
+			(value) =>
+				value !== undefined &&
+				(value.includes("/") ||
+					(!value.includes(LAYOUT_MARKER_START) && Array.from(value).length > 1 && !/[A-Z*∗]/.test(value))),
+		);
+		const needsLayout =
+			this.display &&
+			canUseLayout &&
+			(this.scriptDepth > 0 ||
+				(scripts.sub !== undefined && subUnicode === undefined) ||
+				(scripts.sup !== undefined && supUnicode === undefined));
+		if (!needsLayout) {
+			return order
+				.map((kind) =>
+					kind === "sub"
+						? (subUnicode ?? formatScript(scripts.sub ?? "", kind))
+						: (supUnicode ?? formatScript(scripts.sup ?? "", kind)),
+				)
+				.join("");
+		}
+
+		const index =
+			this.layoutNodes.push({
+				type: "script",
+				lower: scripts.sub === undefined ? undefined : normalizeOutput(scripts.sub),
+				upper: scripts.sup === undefined ? undefined : normalizeOutput(scripts.sup),
+			}) - 1;
+		return `${LAYOUT_MARKER_START}${index}${LAYOUT_MARKER_END}`;
+	}
+
 	private parseWhitespace(): string {
 		while (this.position < this.source.length && /\s/.test(this.source[this.position] ?? "")) {
 			this.position++;
@@ -961,6 +1047,12 @@ class LatexParser {
 		if (NEGATIVE_SPACING_COMMANDS.has(command)) {
 			return NEGATIVE_SPACE;
 		}
+		if (FONT_SWITCH_COMMANDS.has(command)) {
+			while (this.position < this.source.length && /\s/.test(this.source[this.position] ?? "")) {
+				this.position++;
+			}
+			return "";
+		}
 		if (IGNORED_COMMANDS.has(command)) {
 			return "";
 		}
@@ -1284,18 +1376,7 @@ class LatexParser {
 		}
 
 		if (environment === "cases" || environment === "cases*") {
-			const rows = this.splitEnvironmentRows(body)
-				.map((row) => row.split("&").map((cell) => this.renderNested(cell, false).trim()))
-				.filter((row) => row.some(Boolean));
-			return rows
-				.map((row, index) => {
-					const value = (row[0] ?? "").replace(/,\s*$/, "");
-					const condition = row[1] ?? "";
-					const delimiter = index === 0 ? "⎧" : index === rows.length - 1 ? "⎩" : "⎨";
-					const conditionPrefix = /^(?:if|when|for|otherwise)\b/i.test(condition) ? " " : " if ";
-					return `${delimiter} ${value}${condition ? `${conditionPrefix}${condition}` : ""}`;
-				})
-				.join("\n");
+			return this.renderCases(body);
 		}
 
 		if (
@@ -1309,6 +1390,37 @@ class LatexParser {
 		return body;
 	}
 
+	private renderCases(body: string): string {
+		const rows = this.splitEnvironmentRows(body)
+			.map((row) => row.split("&").map((cell) => this.renderNested(cell, false).trim()))
+			.filter((row) => row.some(Boolean));
+		const valueWidth = Math.max(0, ...rows.map((row) => visibleWidth((row[0] ?? "").replace(/,\s*$/, ""))));
+		const contents = rows.map((row) => {
+			const value = (row[0] ?? "").replace(/,\s*$/, "");
+			const condition = row[1] ?? "";
+			if (!condition) {
+				return value;
+			}
+			const conditionPrefix = /^(?:if|when|for|otherwise)\b/i.test(condition) ? " " : " if ";
+			return `${value}${PROTECTED_SPACE.repeat(valueWidth - visibleWidth(value))}${conditionPrefix}${condition}`;
+		});
+		if (contents.length <= 1) {
+			return contents.length === 0 ? "" : `⎧ ${contents[0]}`;
+		}
+
+		const middle = Math.floor(contents.length / 2);
+		const visualRows: Array<string | undefined> = [...contents];
+		if (contents.length % 2 === 0) {
+			visualRows.splice(middle, 0, undefined);
+		}
+		const lines = visualRows.map((content, index) => {
+			const delimiter = index === 0 ? "⎧" : index === visualRows.length - 1 ? "⎩" : "⎨";
+			return content === undefined ? delimiter : `${delimiter} ${content}`;
+		});
+		const index = this.layoutNodes.push({ type: "matrix", lines, baseline: middle }) - 1;
+		return `${LAYOUT_MARKER_START}${index}${LAYOUT_MARKER_END}`;
+	}
+
 	private renderMatrix(environment: string, body: string): string {
 		const matrix = this.splitEnvironmentRows(body)
 			.map((row) => row.split("&").map((cell) => this.renderNested(cell, false).trim()))
diff --git a/packages/tui/test/latex.test.ts b/packages/tui/test/latex.test.ts
index 6df4260cf..95a90a5cc 100644
--- a/packages/tui/test/latex.test.ts
+++ b/packages/tui/test/latex.test.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ describe("renderLatex", () => {
 			[String.raw`\ge 2`, "≥ 2"],
 			[String.raw`\ge 3`, "≥ 3"],
 			["1", "1"],
-			[String.raw`\mathrm{diag}(-1/2,1,1)`, "diag(-1/2,1,1)"],
+			[String.raw`\mathrm{diag}(-1/2,1,1),\quad F_{\rm intrinsic}(\lambda)`, "diag(-1/2,1,1), F_intrinsic(λ)"],
 			["4+3xy", "4+3xy"],
 		]);
 	});
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ c_n
 \Psi^\ast\Psi, & 0<x<L,\\
 0, & \text{otherwise}.
 \end{cases}`,
-				"Ψ(x,t) = ∑ₙ₌₁^∞ cₙ √(2/L) sin((nπ x)/L)_(spatial eigenmode) exp(-(iℏ n²π²)/(2mL²)t), |Ψ(x,t)|² = ⎧ Ψ^∗Ψ if 0 < x < L,\n⎩ 0 otherwise.",
+				`${" ".repeat(97)}⎧ Ψ^∗Ψ if 0 < x < L,\nΨ(x,t) = ∑ₙ₌₁^∞ cₙ √(2/L) sin((nπ x)/L)_(spatial eigenmode) exp(-(iℏ n²π²)/(2mL²)t), |Ψ(x,t)|² = ⎨\n${" ".repeat(97)}⎩ 0    otherwise.`,
 			],
 			[String.raw`x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}`, "x = (-b±√(b²-4ac))/(2a)"],
 			[String.raw`\int_0^\infty e^{-x^2}\,dx=\frac{\sqrt{\pi}}{2}`, "∫₀^∞ e^(-x²) dx = (√π)/2"],
@@ -346,7 +346,12 @@ c_n
 			renderLatex(String.raw`\acute{x}+\grave{y}+\widehat{xyz}+\overrightarrow{AB}`),
 			"x́+ỳ+widehat(xyz)+overrightarrow(AB)",
 		);
-		assert.strictEqual(renderLatex(String.raw`\textnormal{hello}+\mbox{world}+\boldsymbol{x}`), "hello+world+x");
+		assert.strictEqual(
+			renderLatex(
+				String.raw`\textnormal{hello}+\mbox{world}+\boldsymbol{x}+{\rm roman}+{\bf bold}+{\it italic}+{\sf sans}+{\tt mono}+{\cal calligraphic}+{\sl slanted}`,
+			),
+			"hello+world+x+roman+bold+italic+sans+mono+calligraphic+slanted",
+		);
 	});
 
 	it("renders additional display environments", () => {
@@ -362,8 +367,8 @@ c_n
 
 	it("uses natural case conditions and aligns matrix columns", () => {
 		assert.strictEqual(
-			renderLatex(String.raw`\begin{cases}a & x<0 \\ b & \text{if }x=0 \\ c & \text{otherwise}\end{cases}`),
-			"⎧ a if x < 0\n⎨ b if x = 0\n⎩ c otherwise",
+			renderLatex(String.raw`f(x)=\begin{cases}a & x<0 \\ b & \text{if }x=0 \\ c & \text{otherwise}\end{cases}`),
+			"       ⎧ a if x < 0\nf(x) = ⎨ b if x = 0\n       ⎩ c otherwise",
 		);
 		assert.strictEqual(
 			renderLatex(String.raw`\begin{pmatrix}1&200\\3000&4\end{pmatrix}`),
@@ -449,10 +454,10 @@ R\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)
 		assert.strictEqual(renderLatex(String.raw`\int\limits_0^1 f(x)\,dx`, { display: true }), "1\n∫ f(x) dx\n0");
 	});
 
-	it("uses the middle brace for intermediate case rows", () => {
+	it("centers even case rows around a middle brace", () => {
 		assert.strictEqual(
-			renderLatex(String.raw`\begin{cases}a & x<0 \\ b & x=0 \\ c & x>0\end{cases}`),
-			"⎧ a if x < 0\n⎨ b if x = 0\n⎩ c if x > 0",
+			renderLatex(String.raw`f(x) = \begin{cases} x^{2} & x \geq 0 \\ -x & x < 0 \end{cases}`),
+			"       ⎧ x² if x ≥ 0\nf(x) = ⎨\n       ⎩ -x if x < 0",
 		);
 	});
 
@@ -487,9 +492,14 @@ R\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)
 		}
 	});
 
-	it("keeps fractions linear in scripts and text-style fractions", () => {
-		assert.strictEqual(renderLatex(String.raw`e^{\frac{1}{2}}`, { display: true }), "e^(1/2)");
-		assert.strictEqual(renderLatex(String.raw`\tfrac{1}{2}`, { display: true }), "1/2");
+	it("lays out unsupported and nested scripts while keeping script fractions linear", () => {
+		assert.strictEqual(
+			renderLatex(String.raw`\partial_tU_2(t,0)=Aj_*(1-t)^{-A-1}.\qquad x^{n^2}+x_{i_j}`, {
+				display: true,
+			}),
+			"                            2\n                    -A-1   n\n∂ₜU₂(t,0) = Aj (1-t)    . x  +x\n              *                i\n                                j",
+		);
+		assert.strictEqual(renderLatex(String.raw`e^{\frac{1}{2}}+\tfrac{1}{2}`, { display: true }), "e^(1/2)+1/2");
 	});
 
 	it("returns undefined for unsupported commands", () => {
diff --git a/packages/tui/test/markdown.test.ts b/packages/tui/test/markdown.test.ts
index 6347aa5d7..785c312b5 100644
--- a/packages/tui/test/markdown.test.ts
+++ b/packages/tui/test/markdown.test.ts
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ describe("Markdown component", () => {
 	describe("LaTeX math", () => {
 		it("renders inline dollar and parenthesis delimiters", () => {
 			const markdown = new Markdown(
-				String.raw`A map $\mathbb{C}^3 \to \mathbb{C}^3$, $xy$, $x-y$, $-x$, $\frac{1}{2}$, and \(s \to \infty\).`,
+				String.raw`A map $\mathbb{C}^3 \to \mathbb{C}^3$, $xy$, $x-y$, $-x$, $\frac{1}{2}$, $\rightarrow$, and \(s \to \infty\).`,
 				0,
 				0,
 				defaultMarkdownTheme,
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ describe("Markdown component", () => {
 
 			const lines = markdown.render(80).map((line) => stripAnsi(line).trimEnd());
 
-			assert.deepStrictEqual(lines, ["A map ℂ³ → ℂ³, xy, x-y, -x, 1/2, and s → ∞."]);
+			assert.deepStrictEqual(lines, ["A map ℂ³ → ℂ³, xy, x-y, -x, 1/2, →, and s → ∞."]);
 		});
 
 		it("renders display dollar delimiters without Markdown escape corruption", () => {
@@ -936,7 +936,13 @@ A=
 
 		it("allows LaTeX rendering to be disabled", () => {
 			const markdown = new Markdown(
-				String.raw`Map $\mathbb{C}^3 \to \mathbb{C}^3$`,
+				String.raw`$$
+\widetilde Y_{sf}
+=
+(1-w_{sf})\mu_{sf}^{\mathrm{MAR}}
+$$
+
+Inline \(A_{sf}\)`,
 				0,
 				0,
 				defaultMarkdownTheme,
@@ -948,7 +954,15 @@ A=
 
 			assert.deepStrictEqual(
 				markdown.render(80).map((line) => stripAnsi(line).trimEnd()),
-				[String.raw`Map $\mathbb{C}^3 \to \mathbb{C}^3$`],
+				[
+					"$$",
+					String.raw`\widetilde Y_{sf}`,
+					"=",
+					String.raw`(1-w_{sf})\mu_{sf}^{\mathrm{MAR}}`,
+					"$$",
+					"",
+					String.raw`Inline \(A_{sf}\)`,
+				],
 			);
 		});